Here’s a copy of the references I have gathered concerning gordiids, their biology, structure, etc.   PLEASE save a tree and don’t print this list.  It is 51 pages long; this translates into the biomass produced by a quarter acre of forest in about half a year of growth.

 

 

 

Acholonu, A. D. 1968.  Neochordodes sp. (Nematomorpha) as a parasite of the spider (Ctenus bryrrus) in Costa Rica. Journal of Parasitology 54: 1233-1234.

 

Adoutte, A., G. Balavoine, N. Lartillot, and R. de Rosa. 1999.  Animal evolution. The end of the intermediate taxa? Trends in Genetics 15: 104-8.

 

Adrianov, A. V., and V. V. Malakhov. 1995.  Comparative-morphological analysis of the organization of cephalorhynch worms, the phylogeny and the system of the phylum Cephalorhyncha. 5. Phylogeny and system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 74: 19-27.

 

Adrianov, A. V., V. V. Malakhov, and S. E. Spiridonov. 1998.  Fine morphology of the larvae of hairworm Gordius sp. (Nematomorpha). Doklady Akademii Nauk 361: 558-561.

 

Aguinaldo, A. M. A., J. M. Turbeville, L. S. Linford, M. C. Rivera, J. R. Garey, R. A. Raff, and J. A. Lake. 1997.  Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals. Nature London 387: 489-493.

 

Aleshin, V. V., I. A. Milyutina, O. S. Kedrova, N. S. Vladychenskaya, and N. B. Petrov. 1998.  Phylogeny of Nematoda and Cephalorhyncha derived from 18S rDNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 47: 597-605.

 

Ali-Kahn, F. E., and Z. Ali-Khan. 1977.  Paragordius varius (Leidy)(Nematomorpha) infection in man: a case report from Quebeck (Canada). The Journal of Parasitology 63: 174-176.

 

Andrassy, I. 1976.  Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. 288: .

 

André, E. H. 1927.  Sur le biologie des Gordius. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 56: 285-286.

 

Andreeva, R. B., and A. P. Markevich. 1975.  Factors limiting the density of the pre-adult stages of horse-flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) in the Kiev Poles'e. Problems of parasitology. Proceedings of the VIIIth Scientific Conference of Parasitologists of the Ukrainian SSR. Part I.: Problemy parazitologii. Materialy VIII Nauchnoi Konferentsii Parazitologov USSR. Chast' I : 19-20.

 

Andreeva, R. V. 1978.  [Parasitism of gordiids in the larvae of Tabanus autumnalis L. horseflies]. Parazitologiia 12: 90-1.

 

Angelov, A. 1959.  Ein neuer Vertreter der Gattung Paragordius (Camerano, 1898) für Bulgarien- P. tricuspidatus Dufour minor subsp. n. Ann Univ Sofia, Biology 51: 225-231.

 

Anglas, J. 1901.  Observations sur le métamorphoses internes de la guepe dt de l'abeille. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de Belgique 34: .

 

Anonymous. 1840.  Ausziehung des Gordius aquaticus aus Wunden. Zeitschrift für Ges. Med., Hamburg 14: 142-143.

 

Anonymous. 1960.  How pure is your city water? U.S. News and World Report 48: 52-54.

 

Anonymous. 1995.  The animal world of Azerbaijan. I. Protozoa and Metazoa, excepting Arthropoda and Chordata. , 274 p.

 

Anonymous. 1999.  SAS/Stat User's Guide: Release 6.03 Edition. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, 1028 p.

 

Arvy, L., and R. Sowa. 1976.  Researches on the internal parasites in Ephemeroptera around Cracovie. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparée 51: 111-20.

 

Assmuss, E. P. 1858.  Verzeichniss einiger Insecten, in denen ich Gordiaceen antraf. Wiener entomologische Monatschrift 6: 177-181.

 

Aydemir, M., Yorgancigil B., Demirci M., and H. Akkaya. 1996.  Isparta sehir icme suyunda saptanan bir Gordius aquaticus Linneaus, 1758 olgusu (A report of Gordius aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 isolated from Isparta city drinking water). Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 20: 361-365.

 

Aydemir, M., B. Yorgancigil, M. Demirci, and H. Akkaya. 1996.  A report of Gordius aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 isolated from Isparta city drinking water. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 20: 3-4.

 

Bacounin, A. d. 1791.  Mémoires sur les Gordius d'eau dounce des environs de Turin. Mém. Acad. des Sc. de Turin 12: 23-42.

 

Baek, K. M., and Y. T. Noh. 1992.  Two species of genus Gordius (Gordioidea, Nematomorpha) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 8: 223-230.

 

Baek, K. M. 1993.  Two species of genus Chordodes (Gordioidea, Nematomorpha) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 9: 221-228.

 

Baer, J. G.  1951.  Chapter Five: Gordiacea. In Ecology of Animal Parasites, Illinois Press, Urbana, Ilinois, p. 43-45.

 

Baird, W. 1853.  Descriptions of some new species of Entozoa from the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 21: 18-25.

 

Baker, G. H. 1985.  Parasites of the millipede Ommatoiulus moreletii (Lucas)(Diplopoda: Iulidae) in Portugal, and their potential as biological control agents in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 33: 23-32.

 

Baker, G. L., and J. L. Capinera. 1997.  Nematodes and nematomorphs as control agents of grasshoppers and locusts. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 171: 157-211.

 

Bakke, T. A. 1975.  A marine horsehair worm, Nectonema sp. (Nematomorpha) from north Norway. Fauna, Oslo 28: 163-169.

 

Bareth, C. 1974.  Kystes et larves de Gordiacés chez 3 especes de campodes cavernicoles. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France 100: 274.

 

Bareth, c. 1974.  Présence de kystes et de larves do Gordiacés chez plusieurs espéces de Campodés cavernicoles (Diploures Campodéides). Annales de Spéléologie 29: 657-662.

 

Bartolomaeus, T., and P. Ax. 1992.  Protonephridia and metanephridea- their relation within the Bilateria. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 30: 21-45.

 

Baylis, H. A. 1927.  Notes on two Gordiids and a Mermithid said to have been parasitic in man. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 21: 203-206.

 

Baylis, H. A. 1944.  Notes on the Distribution of Hairworms (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae) in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 113: 193-197.

 

Beaver, P. C., R. C. Jung, E. W. Cupp, and C. F. Craig. 1984.  Clinical Parasitology. 9th. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, 825 p.

 

Bell, F. J. 1885.  Note on a Nematoid worm (Gordius verrucosus) obtained by Mr. H. H. Jonston on Kilima-njaro. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London : 236.

 

Berthold, A. 1838-1841.  Über den Bau des Wasserkalves  (Gordius aquaticus). Abh. Klg. Ges. Wissenschaft 1: 1-18.

 

Bird, A. F., and R. I. Sommerville.  1983.  Nematoda and Nematomorpha. In Reproductive biology of invertebrates, K. G. Adiyodi and R. G. Adiyodi (eds.). Wiley, Chichester ; New York, p. v.

 

Bird, A. F., R. I. Sommerville, K. G. Adiyodi, and R. G. Adiyodi. 1989.  Nematoda and Nematomorpha. , p.

 

Blair, D. 1983.  Larval horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the tissue of native freshwater fish in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 10: 341-344.

 

Blanchard, E.  1849.  Gordius chilensis. In Historia Fisica y Politica de Chili, C. Gay (ed.). Paris, p. 109.

 

Blanchard, R. 1897.  Pseudo-parasitism d'un Gordius chez l'Homme. Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine, Paris 37: 614-618.

 

Bleidhorn, C., A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, and J. R. Garey. 2002.  Systematic relationships of Nematomorpha based on molecular and morphological data. Invertebrate Biology : In press.

 

Blunk, H. 1915.  Ein kurzes Wort zur Kenntnis der Gordiiden-Biologie. Zoologischer Anzeiger 45: 289-290.

 

Blunk, H. 1922 a.  Die Lebensgeschichte der im Gelbrand schmarotzenden Saitenwürmer I. Zoologischer Anzeiger 54: 110-132.

 

Blunk, H. 1922 b.  Die Lebensgeschichte der im Gelbrand schmarotzenden Saitenwürmer II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 54: 145-163.

 

Blunk, H. 1924.  Die Überwinterung von Gordius aquaticus L. in Dytiscus marginalis L. Zoologischer Anzeiger 61: 266-267.

 

Bock, S. 1913.  Zur Kentniss von Nectonema und dessen systematischer Stellung. Zool. Bidrag. Upsala 2: 1-28.

 

Bodenheimer, F. S. 1923.  Die parasitären Beziehungen zwischen Würmern und Insekten. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Protozoologie Parasitenkunde und Infectionskrankheiten, Abt. II 58: 220-242.

 

Bogush, P. P. 1971.  New data on Chordodes longipilus (Nemathelminthes: Nematomorpha). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoî SSR; Biol. Nauki 5: 79.

 

Bohall, P. J., M. R. Wells, and C. M. Chandler. 1997.  External morphology of larvae of Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha). Invertebrate Biology 116: 26-29.

 

Bohl, M. a. H. H. R.-K. 1982.  Gordiids as facultative parasites of fishes and man. Saitenwurmer (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) als gelegentliche Fisch- und Humanparasiten. Fisch Umwelt 11: 31-35.

 

Bolek, M. G. 2000.  Records of horsehair worms Paragordius varius, Chordodes morgani and Gordius robustus (Nematomorpha) from Indiana. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 15: 421-423.

 

Bolek, M. G., and J. R. Coggins. 2002.  Seasonal occurrence, morphology, and observation on the life history of Gordius difficilis (Nematomropha: Gordioidea) from southeastern Wisconsin, United States. Journal of Parasitology 88: 287-294.

 

Bolschwing, v. 1842.  Ein Wort wider den Gordius aquaticus in Fussgeschwüren. Med Argos Leipzig 4: 339-341.

 

Borgarenko, L. F., G. M. Bronshpits, and T. E. Solodenko. 1975.  The prevalence of infection in the invertebrates of the Nadoksai ravine (northern Tadzhikistan). Zoologicheskii sbornik, Chast' II : 81-90.

 

Born, J. W. 1967.  Palaemonetes vulgaris (Crustacea, Decapoda) as host for the juvenile stage of Nectonema agile (Nematomorpha). Journal of Parasitology 53: 793-4.

 

Brattey, J., R. W. Elner, L. S. Uhazy, and A. E. Bagnall. 1985.  Metazoan parasites and commensals of five crab (Brachyura) species from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2224-2229.

 

Brauns, A. 1954.  Saitenwürmer. Gesunde Finanzen Heft 12: .

 

Brehm, A. E. 1890.  Het Leven der Dieren. Schiulemans & Van Belkum, Zutphen, 893-894 p.

 

Bresciani, J. 1970.  The integument of Gordius robustus Duj. (Nematomorphs, Gordioidea). Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Yearbook : 92-96.

 

Bresciani, J.  1991.  Nematomorpha. In Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, F. W. Harrison (ed.). Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, New York, p. 197-218.

 

Brittain, J. E., and T. J. Eikeland. 1988.  Invertebrate drift - A review. Hydrobiologia 166: 77-93.

 

Brivio, M. F., M. de Eguileor, A. Grimaldi, D. Vigetti, R. Valvassori, and G. Lanzavecchia. 2000.  Structural and biochemical analysis of the parasite Gordius villoti (Nematomorpha, Gordiacea) cuticle. Tissue & Cell 32: 366-376.

 

Brown, K. M., B. K. Leathers, and D. J. Minchella. 1988.  Trematode prevalence and the population dynamics of freshwater pond snails. American Midland Naturalist 120: 289-301.

 

Buatois, L. A., G. Jalfin, and F. G. Acenolaza. 1997.  Permian nonmarine invertebrate trace fossils from southern Patagonia, Argentina: Ichnologic signatures of substrate consolidation and colonization sequences. Journal of Paleontology 71: 324-336.

 

Bundy, D. A. P., and J. H. Steele. 1984.  Parasitic zoonoses in the Caribbean region - a review. International Journal of Zoonoses 11: 1-38.

 

Burger, R. 1972.  Paragordius esavianus passed per urethram. Journal of Urology 108: 469.

 

Bush, A. O., K. D. Lafferty, J. M. Lotz, and A. W. Shostak. 1997.  Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology 83: 575-583.

 

Bütschli, O. 1876.  Untersuchungen über freilebende Nematoden und die Gattung Chaetonotus. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 46: 363-413.

 

Caballero, E. 1936.  Contribucion al concimiento de los gordius de Mexico. Annales de Instituto de  Biologia de la Universids d Naciona Autonoma de Mexico 7: 477-488.

 

Camerano, I. 1908.  Gordii d'Irlanda. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 23: .

 

Camerano, L. 1887.  Del Gordius tricuspidatus. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 2: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1887.  Observations sur les Gordius. Archives Italinnes de Biologie 9: 59-60.

 

Camerano, L. 1887.  Ricerche intorno alle specie italiane del genre Gordius. Atti della R. Accademia della Scienze di Torino 22: 145-175.

 

Camerano, L. 1887.  Richerche intorno alle specie italiane del genre Gordius. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 2: 1-4.

 

Camerano, L. 1888.  Ricerche intorno al parassitismo ed al Polimorfisma dei Gordii. Memorie della R. Accademia della Scienze Torino 38: 395-413.

 

Camerano, L. 1888.  Richerche intorno alla anatomia ed istologia dei Gordii. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 3: 1-6.

 

Camerano, L. 1892.  Descrizione di una nouva specie del genre Gordius di Palmeira (Parana) raccolta dal Dott. G. Franco Grillo. Annali del Museo civico di storia narurale di Genova 30, 2. s.,: 965-966.

 

Camerano, L. 1892.  Intorno ad una specie di Gordius (G. aeneus Villot) raccolta dal Sig. G. B. Anselmo in Venezuela e intorno alle specie di questo genre fino ad ora descritte dell' America meridionale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 30, 2. s: 10: 123-127.

 

Camerano, L. 1892.  Richerche intorno al parassitismo ed allo sviluppo del Gordius pustulosus Baird. Atti della R. Accademia della Scienze di Torino 18: 598-607.

 

Camerano, L. 1892.  Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. Gordii. Ann Mus Civ Stor Nat Genova 30, 2. s.: 128-131.

 

Camerano, L. 1893.  Sur quelques Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France 18: 213-216.

 

Camerano, L. 1894.  Viaggio del Dottor Alfredo Borelli nella Repubblica Argentina e nel Paraguay. Gordii. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 9: 1-6.

 

Camerano, L. 1895.  Description d'une nouvelle espece de Gordien de la Chine. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France 20: 99-100.

 

Camerano, L. 1895.  Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus de Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Leyde. Notes Leyden Musée 17: 1-14.

 

Camerano, L. 1897.  Monografia dei Gordii. Memorie della Reale Academia della Sciencze di Torine, serie II 47: 339-419.

 

Camerano, L. 1897.  Nuova classificazione dei Gordii. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20: 225-229.

 

Camerano, L. 1897.  Viaggio del Dott Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Repubblica Argentina. Gordii. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 12: 1-3.

 

Camerano, L. 1897.  Viggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella. Repubblica dell' Ecuador e regioni vicine.  Gordii. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 7: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1898.  Gordiens du Mexique. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 23: 73-76.

 

Camerano, L. 1899.  Gordii della Malesia e del Messico. Atti R. Accad Sci Torino 34: 460-469.

 

Camerano, L. 1901.  Gordii di Madagascar e delle isole Sandwich. Bol Mus Zool Anat comp R. Univ Torino 16: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1901.  Gordii raccolti dal Dottor Filippo Silvestri nella Republica Argentina e nel Paraguay. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 16: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1901.  Gordii raccolti dala spedizione <<Skeat>> nella Penisola Malese 1899-1900. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino 16: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1901.  Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso e nel Paraguay. Gordii. Bol Mus Zool Anat Comp R Univ Torino 16: 1-2.

 

Camerano, L. 1903.  Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Ann Mus Zool Acad Imp Sci St. Pétersburg 8: 22-29.

 

Camerano, L. 1915.  Revisione dei Gordii. Memorie della Reale Academia della Sciencze di Torine, serie II 66: 1-66.

 

Cappucci, D. T.  1976.  The biology of Gordius robustus Leidy with a host list and summary of the public health importance of the Gordioidea. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, San Francisco, California,  240 p.

 

Cappucci, D. T., Jr., and M. G. Schultz. 1982.  Gordian worms (hairworms): biological and public health aspects. CRC handbook series in zoonoses. Section C: parasitic zoonoses : .

 

Capuse, I. 1970.  Nouvelles données sur la repartition et la biologie de quelques Gordiides de Roumanie. Trav Mus Hist Nat "Grigore Antipa" 10: 49-56.

 

Carter, J. J.  1976.  A new basis for the assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of the parasitic metazoan taxa. Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, New South Wales, Australia,  539-540 p.

 

Carvalho, J. 1944.  Considerations on some Brazilian Gordiacea with description of two new species. Rev. Brazil Biol. 4: 485-491.

 

Carvalho, J. C. d. 1941.  Studies on Gordiacea. , 201 leaves p.

 

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1942.  Studies on some Gordiacea of North and South America. Journal of Parasitology 28: 213-222.

 

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1942.  Uma nova espécie de Gordiaceo do Brasil e consideracoes sobre Chordodes brasiliensis Janda (Nematomorpha, Gordoidea). Bol Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro n.s. zool. 62: 1-8.

 

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1946.  Gordiaceos du Museo de Historia Natural de Montevido. Comun Zool Mus Hist Nat Montevideo 2: 1-8.

 

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1950.  Sobre alguns gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 22: 193-206.

 

Cavalier Smith, T. 1998.  A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73: 203-266.

 

Cavalieri, F. 1961.  Descripcion de una nueva especie de Gordiaceo Gordius inesae n. sp. (Gordioidea, Gordiidae). Neotropica 7: 3-6.

 

Cerini, G., and G. F. Ristori. 1988.  On some cases of accidental infestation through Gordius class. Ospedali Italiani Pediatria (E Specialita' Chirurgiche) 23: 97-101.

 

Cerruti, G. B., and L. Camerano. 1888.  Di un nouvo caso di parassitismo di Gordius adulto nell' uomo. Giorn Accad Med torino 3: 36: 264-269.

 

Cham, S. A., Seymour, M. K. and D. J. Hooper. 1983.  Observations on a British Hairworm, Parachordodes wolterstorffii (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae). Journal of Zoology, London 199: 275-285.

 

Chandler, C. M. 1985.  Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea) from Tennessee, with a review of taxonomy and distribution in the United States. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Sciences 60: 59-62.

 

Chandler, C. M., and M. R. Wells. 1989.  Cuticular features of Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha) using scanning electron microscopy. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 108: 152-158.

 

Chapman, T. A. 1902.  Gordius in a butterfly. Entomologist 35: 42.

 

Charvet, P. 1834.  Observations sur deux espéces du genre dragonneau. Nouvelles Annales du Musée d’Historie Naturelle de Marsielle 3: 37-46.

 

Chavannes, A. 1864.  Gordius parasite de Locusta veridissima. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 8: 183.

 

Cheng, T. C. 1986.  General parasitology. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 827 p.

 

Chitwood, B. G., and M. B. Chitwood. 1937.  Snails as hosts and carriers of nematodes and Nematomorpha. Nautilus 50: 130-135.

 

Clampitt, P. T. 1970.  Comparative Ecology of the snails Physa gyrina and Physa integra (Basommatophora: Physidae). Malacologia 10: 113-151.

 

Clark. 1854.  Presentation of two specimens of very complete filiform animals said to have been voided from the bladder of two females. American Medical Monthly 2: 148.

 

Clarke, H. T. 1831.  Gordii, beetles, and Dytiscus found in the intestine of a Frog. Magazine of Natural History 4: 95-?

 

Clifford, H. F. 1991.  Aquatic invertebrates of Alberta: an illustrated guide. 538: .

 

Cochran, P. A. 1999.  Notes on the Distirbution and Biology of the Horsehair Worm Pargordius varius (Phylum Nematomorpha) in Wisconsin. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 14: 137-138.

 

Cochran, P. A., Kinziger, A. P., and W. J. Poly. 1999.  Predation on horsehair worms (Phylum Nematomorpha). Journal of Freshwater Ecology 14: 211-218.

 

Cochran, P. A., and D. J. Watermolen. 1990.  Horsehair worms (Phylum Nematomorpha) in Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 16: 485-487.

 

Codina, A. 1925.  El cas d'un Gordius (Verm. Nematoides) extret del cos d'un Stauroderus (Orth. Acrydiinae). Boll Inst Catal N.H. (Barcelona) 5: 61-64.

 

Coomans, A. 1979.  Aspects of the phylogeny of nematodes. Conveg. Internaz. "Origine dei grandi phyla dei metazoi", Roma : 161-174.

 

Cooper, C. L., and T. W. Stock. 1973.  Gordius sp., a new host species.  The Ohio Journal of Science 73: 228.

 

Cooper, P. D. a. R. V. 1997.  Regulation of pH in the digestive system of the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus Walker. Journal of Insect Physiology 43: 459-499.

 

Corbel, J. C. 1967.  The parasites of Orthoptera. L'Annee Biologique 6: 7-8.

 

Cort, W. W. 1914.  Gordius larvae parasitic in a trematode. Journal of Parasitology 1: 189-199.

 

Cowen, W. W., and R. K. Williams. 1965.  Horse hair worms or untying the Gordian knot. The Central African Journal of Medicine 11: 359-360.

 

Craig, C. F., C. Faust, P. F. Russell, and R. C. Jung.  1970.  Nematomorpha. In Craig and Fust's Clinical Parasitology, C. F. Craig, C. Faust, P. F. Russell and R. C. Jung (eds.). Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia,

 

Crisp, E. 1873.  Gordius in the Lungs of a sheep. Trnasactions of the Pathological Society of London 24: 276-279.

 

Cui, W., et al. 1995.  A case of Gordiacea infestation in human digestive tract. Chinese Journal of Parasitic Disease Control 8: 298.

 

Czeczuga, B. 1981.  Presence of carotenoids in Gordius aquaticus (Nematomorpha, Nemathelminthes) specimens from deep wells. Hydrobiologia 76: 13-15.

 

d' Hondt, J. L. 1997.  What has happened to the former "Aschelminthes"? Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 122: 355-364.

 

Dasgupta, R. a. P. K. 1986.  A gordiid worm in Darjeeling. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society 5: 160-162.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B. 1975.  Nuevo aporte al concimiento de la Gordiofauna Argenitna. Neotropica 21: 99-103.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B. 1984.  Study on Argentine Gordiaceae. Revista del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Zoologia 13: 283-289.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B. 1989.  Cuticular structure of Chordodes carmelitanusCarvalho y Feio, 1950: the first record in Argentina (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae). Neotropica 35: 95-99.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B. 1993.  Contributions to the study of cuticular structure of Argentinean Gordiacea. Neotropica 39: 41-44.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and L. C. de Villalobos. 1993.  Redescripcon de Gordius agasizzi (Montgomery 1898) de Pseudochordodes occiddentalis comb. N, y nuevo registro para P. bedriagae (Camerano, 1896)(Gordioidea Nematomorpha). Iheringia, Sberie Zoologica, Porto Alegre 75: 107-111.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and L. C. de Villalobos. 1995.  A review of the Gordiacea (Nematomorpha) in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences with the description of a new species. Graellsia 51: 17-22.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and L. C. de Villalobos. 1996.  New Gordius for Argentina (Gordiacea, Nematomorpha). Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 0: 67-73.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and C.  de Villalobos. 1996.  Species of Neochordodes in Argentina. Iheringia Serie Zoologia. 0: 145-150.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., de Villalobos, L. C., and A. Rodriguez. 1997.  A new species and a new combination of gordiaceous (Nematomorpha).  Neotropica La Plata 43: 53-56.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and L. C. de Villalobos.  1993.  Distribucion geografica de los Gordiaceos en la republica Argentina. In Fauna de agua dulce de la Repulica Argentina, Z. A. de Castellanos (ed.). Profadu (Conicet), La Plata, Argentina, p. 32.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., and L. C. de Villalobos. 1998.  Dos nuevos especies y una nueva combinacion para el genero Acutogordius (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae). Neotropica 44: 75-79.

 

de Miralles, D. A. B., H. SH, G. Rodriguez, and N. D. d. Santos. 1981.  Gordioidea. Aquatic biota of tropical South America. Part 2: 151-154.

 

de Miralles, D. B., and C. de Villalobos. 1998.  Noteochordodes, un nuevo género para la republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordiaceo). Revista del Museo de La Plata (NS) Zoologia 14: 279-283.

 

de Saint-Exupéry, A., and K. Woods. 1982.  The little prince. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego, California, 91 p.

 

de Villalobos, C., G. Ramirez, S. Chavarria, and F. Zanca. 2000.  Cuticular ultrastructure of Paragordius esavianus Carvalho and P. varius (Leidy) (Nematomorpha : Chordodidae : Paragordinae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150: 135-144.

 

de Villalobos, C., A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, and F. Zanca. 2003.  Revision of the genus Beatogordius (Gordiida, Nematomorpha).  II. South American species. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz In press: .

 

de Villalobos, C., and D. Voglino. 2000.  Description of Gordionus porosus n. sP. and redescription of Gordionus ondulatus (Nematomorpha, parachordodinae) with scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Parasitology 86: 358-65.

 

de Villalobos, C., and F. Zanca. 2001.  Scanning electron microscopy and intraspecific variation of Chordodes festae Camerano, 1897 and C. peraccae (Camerano, 1894) (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Syst Parasitol 50: 117-25.

 

de Villalobos, L. C. 1995.  A new species of the genus Chordodes Creplin, 1874, in Argentina. Neotropica (La Plata) 41: 63-65.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., and N. Camino. 1999.  Two new species of Gordiacea (Nematomorpha) parasites of Stagmatoptera hyaloptera (Mantidae) from Argentina. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia : 71-76.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., and D. B. de Miralles. 1997.  Una nueva especie de Chordodes (Gordiaceo Nematomorpha) parasita de Blaptica sp. (Blaberidae, Blataria). Comm. Mus Cienc. Technol.-PUCRS, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre. 10: 45-51.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., and M. A. Restelli. 2001.  Ultrastructural study of the cuticle and epidermis in Pseudochordodes bedriagae. Cell Tissue Res 305: 129-34.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., I. Ribera, and D. T. Bilton. 2001.  First data of Iberian Nematomorpha, with a rediscription of Gordius aquatics Linnaeus, G. plicatulus Heinze, Gordionus wolterstorffii (Camerano) and Paragordius tricuspidatus (Dufor). Contributions to Zoology 70: 73-84.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., I. Ribera, and I. S. Downie. 1999.  Hairworms found in Scottish agricultural land, with descriptions of two new species of Gordionus Müller (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae). Journal of Natural History 33: 1767-1780.

 

de Villalobos, L. C., and F. Zanca. 2002.  Scanning electron microscopy of Spinochordodes tellinii (Camerano, 1888), (Gordiacea, Nematomorpha). Parasite 9: 71-4.

 

Degrange, C., and J. P. Martinot. 1996.  [Gordiacea, parasites of Orthoptera in Vanoise national park.]. TRAVAUX SCIENTIFIQUES DU PARC NATIONAL DE LA VANOISE 19, 1995: 161-182, illustr.

 

deLucena, D. T., and M. Campelo. 1975.  Accidental parasitism of man with two gordiids. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 17: 390-393.

 

Deronde. 1936.  Le dragonneau (Gordius aquaticus), némathelminthe parasite des insectes et des myriapodes. Bull Soc Hist Nat Dubus 46: 43-48.

 

Dewitt, R. M. 1955.  The ecology and life history of the pond snail Physa gyrina. Ecology 36: 40-44.

 

Dollfus, R. 1932.  Sortie de douze Gordius par les stigmates d'un Dytiscus. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 17: 247-254.

 

Dollfus, R. P. 1943.  Steropus madidus (F.), nouvel hôtle du Gordien Gordionus violaceus (W. Baird). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 48: 162-167.

 

Donin, C. L. L., and F. Cotelli. 1977.  The rod-shaped sperm of Gordioidea (Aschelminthes, Nematomorpha). Journal of Ultrastructural Research 61: 193-200.

 

Donisthorp, H. S. J. K.  1927.  Chapter 16: Nematode Worms. In The Guests of British Ants : their habits and life-histories, George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., p. 218-221.

 

Dorier, A. 1925.  Sur la facultéd'enkystment dans l'eau de la larve du Gordius. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 181: 1098-1099.

 

Dorier, A. 1926.  L'enkystement dans l'eau de la larve du  "Gordius aquaticus" L. Annales de la Universitye de Grenoble 3: 353-355.

 

Dorier, A. 1928.  Quelques stations de Gordiacés en Dauphiné. Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscicult. Grenoble 20: .

 

Dorier, A. 1929.  Sur les Gordiacés des Myriapodes. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 188: 743-745.

 

Dorier, A. 1930.  Recherches biologiques et systématiques sur les Gordiacés. Annales Université de Grenoble 7: 1-183.

 

Dorier, A. 1932.  Observations sur deux larves de gordiaces appartemant au genre Parachordodes. Trav Lab Hydrobiol Piscicult. Grenoble 24: 47-61.

 

Dorier, A. 1933.  Sur la larve de Parachordodes violaceus (Baird). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 197: 460-462.

 

Dorier, A. 1935.  Etude biologique et morphologique de la larva de Parachordodes gemmatus (Villot). Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscicult Grenoble 25: 147-161.

 

Dorier, A. 1935.  Sur le passage a la vie latente des larves des Gordiacés. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 200: 491-494.

 

Dorier, A. 1936.  Sur le dévelopment des pontes de Gordius aquaticus Duj. en milieu humide. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 123: 955-956.

 

Dorier, A. 1942.  Sur la présence in France de Chordodes tellini (Camerano). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle 14: 332-335.

 

Dorier, A. 1946.  Phasgonura (Locusta) Viridissima (L.) hôte de Gordius albopunctatus G. W. Müller. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 71: 207-210.

 

Dorier, A. 1946.  Révision de querloques espéces de Gordiacés. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle 18: 480-494.

 

Dorier, A.  1965.  Classe des Gordiaces. In Traité de Zoologie, vol. 4, P. P. Grassé (ed.). Masson, Paris, France, p. 1201-1222.

 

Dorier, A.  1970.  Nematomorpha. In Encyclopedia of the Biological Sciences, 2nd edition, P. Gray (ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, New York, p. 670-671.

 

Dufour, L. 1828.  Observations sur une nouvelle espèce de vers du genre Filaria. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 14: 222-224.

 

Dufour, L. 1837.  Recherches sur quelques Entozoaires et parasites des insectes Orthoptéres et Hymenoptéres. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 2: 5-20.

 

Dujardin, F. 1842.  Mémoire sur la structure anatomique des Gordius et d'un autre helminthe, le Mermis, qu'on a confondu avec eux. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoology) 2: 129-151.

 

Eaken, R. M., and J. L. Brandenburger. 1974.  Ultrastructural features of a gordian worm (Nematomorpha). Journal of Ultrastructural Research 46: 351-372.

 

Ebner, R. 1940.  Veränderungen an Orthoptern durch parasitische Würmer. Transactions of the International Congress of Entomology No. 6: 341-347.

 

Ehlers, U., W. Ahlrichs, C. Lemburg, and A. Schmidt Rhaesa. 1997.  Phylogenetic systematization of the Nemathelminthes (Aschelminthes). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 89: 8.

 

Ehlke, T. A. 1979.  Effects of Landfill Leaching on Water Quality and Biology of a Nearby Stream, South Cairo, Greene County, New York. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations 22161: 1-18.

 

Erber, A., D. Riemer, M. Bovenschulte, and K. Weber. 1998.  Molecular phylogeny of metazoan intermediate filament proteins. Journal of Molecular Evolution 47: 751-762.

 

Esch, G. W., and J. C. Fernández. 1993.  A functional biology of parasitism : ecological and evolutionary implications. 1st. Chapman & Hall, London, xiii, 337 p.

 

Esser, R. P. 1980.  Nematomorpha. Nematology circular, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services : .

 

Fernando, A., and C. H. Fernando. 1961.  A second case of a hairworm (Gordiacea) "parasitic" in a man in Malaya. Singapore Medical Journal 2: 78-80.

 

Fernando, C. H., and A. S. Dissanaike. 1962.  A hairworm (Gordiacea) "parasitic" in a child in Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Medical Sciences 11: 47-49.

 

Fiedler, A., Jr. 1909.  Fadenwurm aus einer Raupe von Cucullia scrophulariae Cap. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 5: 135.

 

Filipjev, I. N., and J. H. Schuurmans-Stekhoven, Jr.  1941.  Supplement: Gordiaceae or Nematomorpha. In A Manual of Agricultural Helminthology, I. N. Filipjev and J. H. Schuurmans Stekhoven, Jr. (eds.). E. J. Brill, Leiden, p. 857-872.

 

Fiori, G. M. 1881.  Un caso parassitismo di Gordius adulto nell' uomo. Giornale Accad Med Torino 3. s. 29: 727-736.

 

Flynn, R. J. 1973.  Parasites of laboratory animals. [1st ]. Iowa State University Press, Ames,, xvi, 884 p.

 

Forbes, S. A. 1880.  Notes on insectiverous Coleoptera. Bulletin of the Illinois Laboratory of Natural History 1: 167-176.

 

Foresi, C., and G. Caroli. 1968.  Sulla presenza di eliminti del Genre Gordius in acque potabili condottate. Riv Ital Ig 28: 580-8.

 

Fowler, J. H. 1892.  A curious parasite. Entomologist 25: 247.

 

Fowler, J. H. 1892.  A curious parasite (1). Entomologist 25: 247.

 

Fryer, G. 1991.  A natural history of the lakes, tarns and streams of the English Lake District. , 368 p.

 

Furuta, K., and C. Koizumi. 1975.  The mortality factors of experimental populations of Lymantria dispar in a Larch plantation and natural forest. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 57: 432-435.

 

Gangwere, S. K. 1961.  A monograph on food selection in Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 87: 67-230.

 

Gao, G. H. 1989.  A case report of human Gordiacea infection. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 7: 111.

 

Garey, J. R. a. A. S.-R. 1988.  The essential role of "minor" phyla in molecular studies of animal evolution. American Zoologist 38: 907-917.

 

Garman, S. 1886.  Amblystoma and Gordius. Scientific Observer 7: 550.

 

Gemminger. 1849.  Fadenwürmer in einer Raupe. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 10: 63-64.

 

Girard, C. 1851.  Historical sketch of Gordiaceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5: 279-284.

 

Giribet, G., D. D. L., M. Polz, W. Sterrer, and W. C. Wheeler. 2000.  Triploblastic relationships with emphasis on the acoelomates and the position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: A combined approach of 18S rDNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology 49: 539-562.

 

Giribet, G., and W. C. Wheeler. 1999.  The Position of Arthropods in the Animal Kingdom: Ecdysozoa, Islands, Trees, and the "Parsimony Ratchet". Mol Phylogenet Evol 13: 619-623.

 

Gliesch, R. 1933.  Gordius aquaticus in Mantis religiosa and Eustrongylus gigas in Canis jubatus, Brasil. Egatea 18: 218-219.

 

Gonzalez, R. H., and M. A. Barra. 1984.  Grillos de importancia cuarentenaria (Crickets of quarantine importance). Revista-Fruticola 5: 99-100.

 

Goody, T.  1963.  Appendix: Harirworms. In Soil and Freshwater Nematodes, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, England, p. 375-377.

 

Gray, D. A., and W. H. Cade. 2000.  Senescence in field crickets (Orthoptera; Gryllidae): examining the effects of sex and a sex-biased parasitoid. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 140-143.

 

Green, E. E. 1902.  Notes on a species or Gordius parasitic in the body of a Mantis. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 14: 610.

 

Greet, D. N., and R. N. Perry.  1983.  Nematoda and Nematomorpha. In Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates: Sexual differentation and Biology, K. G. Adiyodi, and R. G. Adiyodi (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester ; New York, p. 147-173.

 

Grenacher, H. 1868.  Zur Anatomie der Gattung Gordius L. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 18: 322-344.

 

Grenacher, H. 1869.  Über die Muskelelemente von Gordius. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 19: 287-288.

 

Grube, E. 1849.  Über einige Anguillulen und die Entwicklung von Gordius aquaticus. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 15: 358-386.

 

Guéguen, F. 1905.  Nouveau cas de pseudo-parasitisme d'un Gordius dans le tube digestif de l'homme. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 59: 398-400.

 

Guéguen, F. 1905.  Sur un nouveau cas de parasitisme occasionnel, dans le tube digestif de l'homme, d'un nématode du Genre Gordius Duj. Bulletindes sciences pharmacologiques 12: 257-266.

 

Hall, M. C. 1912.  Gordius aquaticus L. as a parasite of man. Science 35: 636.

 

Hanelt, B., L. E. Grother, and J. Janovy, Jr. 2001.  Physid snails as sentinels of freshwater nematomorphs. Journal of Parasitology 87: 1049-1053.

 

Hanelt, B., and J. Janovy, Jr. 1999.  The life cycle of a horsehair worm, Gordius robustus (Gordioidea: Nematomorpha). Journal of Parasitology 85: 139-141.

 

Hanelt, B., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2000.  New host and distribution record of Gordius difficilis (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) from a vivid metallic ground beetleChlaenius prasinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from western Nebraska, USA. Comparative Parasitology 67: 107-108.

 

Hanelt, B., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2002.  Morphometric analysis of non-adult characters of common species of American gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Journal of Parasitology 88: 557-562.

 

Hanelt, B., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2003.  Spanning the gap: identification of natural paratenic hosts of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) by experimental determination of paratenic host specificity. Invertebrate Biology In press: .

 

Hanelt, B., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2003.  Untying a Gordian knot: the domestication and laboratory maintenance of a Gordian worm, Paragordius varius (Nematomorpha: Gordiida). Journal of Natural History In press: .

 

Harris, A. C. 1990.  Phaulacridium marginale (Walker) (Acrididae) parasitised by a gordian worm (Nematomorpha; Gordioida). A note. Weta 13: 27.

 

Harris, E. A.  Some observations on the Nematomorpha (Gordiacea) of the British Isles. British Society for Parasitology: Proceedings : 19-20.

 

Hartmeyer, R.  1909.  IV. Gordiidae. In Die Süsswasser fauna Deutschlands, A. v. Brauer (ed.). Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, p. 86-88.

 

Hausman, L. A. 1923.  The "horse-hair snake".  An account of the extrodinary life history of one of our common worms. Scientific American 129: 402.

 

Havlik, O. 1947.  Revise ceskych Gordioidei (Nematomorpha). Vestnik Ceskoslovenske zoologicke spolecriosti (Acta Societatis Zoologicae Cechoslovenicae) 11: 159-184.

 

Havlik, O. 1954.  Nové druhy strunovcu z Ceskoslovenska (Gordioidea, Nematomorpha). Cesk Parasitol 1: 85-95.

 

He, X. Y. 1995.  Report of a case passing Gordius via the urethra. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 13: 199.

 

Heinze, K. 1933.  Revision von Gordius flavus Linstow 1906 und Gordius flavus G. W. Müller 1927. Zoologischer Anzeiger 105: 106-109.

 

Heinze, K. 1934.  Zur Systemtic der Gordiiden. Zoologishe Anzeiger 106: 189-192.

 

Heinze, K. 1935.  Über Gordiiden. Zoologisher Anzeiger 111: 23-32.

 

Heinze, K. 1935.  Weitere neue Parachordodes-Arten aus Asien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 112: 155-158.

 

Heinze, K. 1936.  Die bisher aus der Mark Brandenburg sicher bekannten Gordiiden. Märk Tierwelt 2: 25-31.

 

Heinze, K. 1936.  Über das genus Parachordodes Camerano 1897 nebst allgemeinen angaben über die familie Chordodidae. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 9: 263-344.

 

Heinze, K. 1937.  Die Saitenwümer (Gordioidea) Deutschlands. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 9: 261-344.

 

Heinze, K. 1940.  Neue deutsche Saitenwürmer aus der Gattung Gordionus und Gordius. Zoologischer Anzeiger 5/6: 139-146.

 

Heinze, K.  1941.  Wümer oder Vermes III: Saitenwümer oder Gordioidea (Nematomorpha). In Die Tietwelt Deutschlands, Verlag von Gustav Fisher, Gena, p. 1-78.

 

Heinze, K. 1952.  Über Gordioidea. Eine systematische Studie über Insektenparasiten aus der Gruppe der Nematomorpha. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 15: 183-202.

 

Hemsworth, R. J., and M. P. Brooker. 1979.  The rate of downstream displacement of macro invertebrates in Upper Wye Wales UK. Holarctic Ecology 2: 130-136.

 

Hendriks, L., C. Van Broeckhoven, A. Vandenberghe, Y. Van de Peer, and R. De Wachter. 1988.  Primary and secondary structure of the 18S ribosomal RNA of the bird spider Eurypelma californica and evolutionary relationships among eukaryotic phyla. Eukaryotic Journal of Biochemistry 177: 15-20.

 

Hershey, A. E., J. Pastor, B. J. Peterson, and K. G. W. 1993.  Stable isotopes resolve the drift paradox for Baetis mayflies in an Arctic River. Ecology 74: 2315-2325.

 

Herter, C. D., and R. E. Neese. 1989.  Pseudoparasitism with Gordius robustus. American Family Physician 39: 139-142.

 

Herzog, H. 1913.  Gordius als parasit des Menschen. Korrespondenz -Blatt für Schweizer Ärzte 43: 1065-1068.

 

Hofmänner, B. 1913.  Gordiiden und Mermithiden aus dem thurgauischen na